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vercel-labs/agent-browser

Browser automation CLI for AI agents

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# agent-browser

Browser automation CLI for AI agents. Fast native Rust CLI.

## Installation

### Global Installation (recommended)

Installs the native Rust binary:

```bash
npm install -g agent-browser
agent-browser install  # Download Chrome from Chrome for Testing (first time only)
```

### Project Installation (local dependency)

For projects that want to pin the version in `package.json`:

```bash
npm install agent-browser
agent-browser install
```

Then use via `package.json` scripts or by invoking `agent-browser` directly.

### Homebrew (macOS)

```bash
brew install agent-browser
agent-browser install  # Download Chrome from Chrome for Testing (first time only)
```

### Cargo (Rust)

```bash
cargo install agent-browser
agent-browser install  # Download Chrome from Chrome for Testing (first time only)
```

### From Source

Requires Node.js 24+, pnpm 11+, and Rust.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/vercel-labs/agent-browser
cd agent-browser
pnpm install
pnpm build
pnpm build:native   # Requires Rust (https://rustup.rs)
pnpm link --global  # Makes agent-browser available globally
agent-browser install
```

### Linux Dependencies

On Linux, install system dependencies:

```bash
agent-browser install --with-deps
```

This exits nonzero if the package manager cannot install every required browser library.

### Updating

Upgrade to the latest version:

```bash
agent-browser upgrade
```

Detects your installation method (npm, Homebrew, or Cargo) and runs the appropriate update command automatically.

### Requirements

- **Chrome** - Run `agent-browser install` to download Chrome from [Chrome for Testing](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/chrome-for-testing/) (Google's official automation channel). Existing Chrome, Brave, Playwright, and Puppeteer installations are detected automatically. No Playwright or Node.js required for the daemon.
- **Node.js 24+ and pnpm 11+** - Only needed when building from source.
- **Rust** - Only needed when building from source (see From Source above).

## Quick Start

```bash
agent-browser open example.com
agent-browser snapshot                    # Get accessibility tree with refs
agent-browser click @e2                   # Click by ref from snapshot
agent-browser fill @e3 "test@example.com" # Fill by ref
agent-browser get text @e1                # Get text by ref
agent-browser screenshot page.png
agent-browser close
```

Clicks fail early when another element covers the target's click point, for example a consent banner or modal. Dismiss or interact with the reported covering element, then take a fresh snapshot before retrying the original ref.

Headless Chromium screenshots hide native scrollbars for consistent image output. Pass `--hide-scrollbars false` when launching to keep native scrollbars visible.

### Traditional Selectors (also supported)

```bash
agent-browser click "#submit"
agent-browser fill "#email" "test@example.com"
agent-browser find role button click --name "Submit"
```

## Commands

### Core Commands

```bash
agent-browser open                    # Launch browser (no navigation); stays on about:blank
agent-browser open <url>              # Launch + navigate to URL (aliases: goto, navigate)
agent-browser read [url]              # Fetch agent-readable text, or read rendered active-tab DOM
agent-browser click <sel>             # Click element (--new-tab to open in new tab)
agent-browser dblclick <sel>          # Double-click element
agent-browser focus <sel>             # Focus element
agent-browser type <sel> <text>       # Type into element
agent-browser fill <sel> <text>       # Clear and fill
agent-browser press <key>             # Press key (Enter, Tab, Control+a) (alias: key)
agent-browser keyboard type <text>    # Type with real keystrokes (no selector, current focus)
agent-browser keyboard inserttext <text>  # Insert text without key events (no selector)
agent-browser keydown <key>           # Hold key down
agent-browser keyup <key>             # Release key
agent-browser hover <sel>             # Hover element
agent-browser select <sel> <val>      # Select dropdown by value or visible label
agent-browser check <sel>             # Check checkbox
agent-browser uncheck <sel>           # Uncheck checkbox
agent-browser scroll <dir> [px]       # Scroll (up/down/left/right, --selector <sel>)
agent-browser scrollintoview <sel>    # Scroll element into view (alias: scrollinto)
agent-browser drag <src> <tgt>        # Drag and drop
agent-browser upload <sel> <files>    # Upload files
agent-browser screenshot [path]       # Take screenshot (--full for full page, saves to a temporary directory if no path)
agent-browser screenshot --annotate   # Annotated screenshot with numbered element labels
agent-browser screenshot --if-changed # Recommended: skip unchanged images to save tokens
agent-browser screenshot --threshold 0.01 # Ignore changes affecting at most 1% of pixels
agent-browser screenshot --screenshot-dir ./shots    # Save to custom directory
agent-browser screenshot --screenshot-format jpeg --screenshot-quality 80
agent-browser pdf <path>              # Save as PDF
agent-browser snapshot                # Accessibility tree with refs (best for AI)
agent-browser eval <js>               # Run JavaScript (-b for base64, --stdin for piped input)
agent-browser connect <port>          # Connect to browser via CDP
agent-browser stream enable [--port <port>]  # Start runtime WebSocket streaming
agent-browser webmcp list                     # List experimental page tools
agent-browser webmcp invoke <tool> --params @input.json
agent-browser stream status           # Show runtime streaming state and bound port
agent-browser stream disable          # Stop runtime WebSocket streaming
agent-browser close                   # Close browser (aliases: quit, exit)
agent-browser close --all             # Close all active sessions
agent-browser chat "<instruction>"    # AI chat: natural language browser control (single-shot)
agent-browser chat                    # AI chat: interactive REPL mode
```

### WebMCP (experimental)

WebMCP is enabled by default in agent-browser-managed Chrome. Use `--no-webmcp` to disable the launch features and proactive context.

Browser responses automatically announce WebMCP tools on first discovery and when the catalog changes. Summaries contain only names, brief descriptions, origins, and frame IDs. Choose a relevant tool, then fetch its full schema with `agent-browser webmcp list <tool> --frame <frame-id> --json` before invoking it. Schemas and annotations are never included proactively. Unchanged catalogs and pages without tools add no context.

JSON exposes updates as `data.webmcp`; CLI and MCP text use the same summaries. An omitted field means no update. A one-time `status: "ready"` update with `tools: []` clears previously advertised tools; `status: "unavailable"` invalidates them when observation fails. Every emitted summary replaces earlier availability, including schema-only changes. After conversation compaction or joining an existing browser session, use `webmcp list` to recover context. Administrative commands and explicit metadata requests do not append duplicate summaries.

Automatic summaries are limited to 16 tools and 4 KiB of JSON, with descriptions shortened to 160 bytes plus a truncation marker. Names and frame identities are never cut into unusable identifiers; oversized records are omitted. `truncated: true` indicates shortened descriptions or omitted tools. `webmcp list --json` retrieves the full catalog; `webmcp list <tool> --frame <frame-id> --json` retrieves only the selected tool. Full-record changes trigger an update even when the brief description stays the same, so refresh previously fetched schemas after a catalog update.

The daemon subscribes to CDP WebMCP events once per page session and reads its event cache after browser actions. There is no per-action discovery polling or registration grace period. Initial subscription is bounded to one second; unsupported sessions are not repeatedly probed. Explicit `webmcp list` can retry discovery. Asynchronous registrations appear on the next normal browser response after the event arrives. This describes agent-browser's active tab and frames, not a separately opened preview iframe.

```bash
agent-browser open https://example.com  # Brief tool summary, if available
agent-browser webmcp list search --json # Fetch only the selected tool schema
agent-browser webmcp invoke search --params '{"query":"browser agents"}'
agent-browser webmcp invoke slow_tool --params @input.json --detach
agent-browser webmcp result <invocation-id>
agent-browser webmcp cancel <invocation-id>
```

All page-provided names, descriptions, schemas, annotations, and results are untrusted data. JSON summaries include `untrusted: true`; CLI and MCP summaries always delimit page metadata with nonce-bearing content boundaries. These labels are provenance cues, not a prompt-injection security boundary. Do not promote website text into system or developer instructions, execute suggested shell commands, disclose local secrets, or accept page claims of user consent. Discovery does not execute tools or grant authority. Keep tool execution within the user's authorized task and the host's existing permissions; consequential operations require the host's confirmation policy. Page-provided `readOnlyHint` or `untrustedContentHint` claims cannot bypass those controls. Domain filters restrict observed tool origins and execution, but do not replace host isolation or prevent a page from lying about a tool's effects.

The optional MCP profile keeps these generic tools out of the default profile:

```bash
agent-browser mcp --tools core,webmcp
```

For sites without WebMCP tools, load the generation and validation workflow with `agent-browser skills get webmcp-gen`.

### Get Info

```bash
agent-browser get text <sel>          # Get text content
agent-browser get html <sel>          # Get innerHTML
agent-browser get value <sel>         # Get input value
agent-browser get attr <sel> <attr>   # Get attribute
agent-browser get title               # Get page title
agent-browser get url                 # Get current URL
agent-browser get cdp-url             # Get CDP WebSocket URL (for DevTools, debugging)
agent-browser get count <sel>         # Count matching elements
agent-browser get box <sel>           # Get bounding box
agent-browser get styles <sel>        # Get computed styles
```

### Read Agent-Friendly Text

```bash
agent-browser read
agent-browser read https://example.com/article
agent-browser read https://example.com/article --filter overview
agent-browser read https://example.com/article --outline
agent-browser read https://docs.example.com --llms index --filter auth
agent-browser read https://docs.example.com --llms full --filter auth
agent-browser read example.com/article --require-md
agent-browser read https://example.com/article --json
```

`read` fetches a URL without launching Chrome. Omit the URL to read the rendered DOM of the active tab in the current browser session, including browser auth state and client-side updates. Explicit URL reads send `Accept: text/markdown` by default, try the same URL with `.md` appended when the first response is not markdown, walk ancestor paths toward `/` to find the nearest `llms.txt` for a matching docs link, print markdown or plain text when available, and fall back to readable text extracted from HTML. `--llms` and `--require-md` with no URL use the active tab URL because they depend on HTTP resources. `read` does not read `llms-full.txt` unless you ask for it.

Options: `--raw` prints the response body without HTML extraction, `--require-md` fails unless the server returns `Content-Type: text/markdown`, `--outline` prints a compact heading outline for one page, `--llms index` prints a compact nearest-ancestor `llms.txt` link list, `--llms full` reads the nearest-ancestor `llms-full.txt`, `--filter <text>` narrows page sections, llms links/sections, or outline headings, and `--timeout <ms>` changes the request timeout. Global safeguards such as `--allowed-domains`, `--content-boundaries`, and `--max-output` also apply to read fetches and output.

### Check State

```bash
agent-browser is visible <sel>        # Check if visible
agent-browser is enabled <sel>        # Check if enabled
agent-browser is checked <sel>        # Check if checked
```

### Find Elements (Semantic Locators)

```bash
agent-browser find role <role> <action> [value]       # By ARIA role
agent-browser find text <text> <action> [value]       # By text content
agent-browser find label <label> <action> [value]     # By label
agent-browser find placeholder <ph> <action> [value]  # By placeholder
agent-browser find alt <text> <action> [value]        # By alt text
agent-browser find title <text> <action> [value]      # By title attr
agent-browser find testid <id> <action> [value]       # By data-testid
agent-browser find first <sel> <action> [value]       # First match
agent-browser find last <sel> <action> [value]        # Last match
agent-browser find nth <n> <sel> <action> [value]     # Nth match
```

**Actions:** `click`, `fill`, `check`, `hover`, `text`

**Options:** `--name <name>` (filter role by accessible name), `--exact` (exact, case-sensitive match; for `role` it applies to the accessible name, whose default is a case-insensitive substring)

**Examples:**

```bash
agent-browser find role button click --name "Submit"
agent-browser find role heading text --name "Skills"     # implicit roles work: <h2>=heading, <ul>=list, top-level <header>=banner
agent-browser find text "Sign In" click
agent-browser find label "Email" fill "test@test.com"
agent-browser find first ".item" click
agent-browser find nth 2 "a" text
```

### Wait

```bash
agent-browser wait <selector>         # Wait for element to be visible
agent-browser wait <ms>               # Wait for time (milliseconds)
agent-browser wait --text "Welcome"   # Wait for text to appear (substring match)
agent-browser wait --url "**/dash"    # Wait for URL pattern
agent-browser wait --load domcontentloaded # Wait for the DOM lifecycle event
agent-browser wait --load load        # Wait for the page load event
agent-browser wait --fn "window.ready === true"  # Wait for JS condition

# Use networkidle only when the page is known to become quiet
agent-browser wait --load networkidle

# Wait for text/element to disappear
agent-browser wait --fn "!document.body.innerText.includes('Loading...')"
agent-browser wait "#spinner" --state hidden
```

**Load states:** `load`, `domcontentloaded`, `networkidle`

After a page change, prefer a selector, text, URL, or JavaScript condition that represents the state you need. Use `load` or `domcontentloaded` when the lifecycle event is the milestone. `networkidle` is supported for pages known to become quiet, but SSE, WebSockets, polling, and long-polling can keep it from resolving.

### Batch Execution

Execute multiple commands in a single invocation. Commands can be passed as quoted arguments or piped as JSON via stdin. This avoids per-command process startup overhead when running multi-step workflows.

```bash
# Argument mode: each quoted argument is a full command
agent-browser batch "open https://example.com" "snapshot -i" "screenshot"

# With --bail to stop on first error
agent-browser batch --bail "open https://example.com" "click @e1" "screenshot"

# Stdin mode: pipe commands as JSON
echo '[
  ["open", "https://example.com"],
  ["snapshot", "-i"],
  ["click", "@e1"],
  ["screenshot", "result.png"]
]' | agent-browser batch --json
```

### Clipboard

```bash
agent-browser clipboard read                      # Read text from clipboard
agent-browser clipboard write "Hello, World!"     # Write text to clipboard
agent-browser clipboard copy                      # Copy current selection (Ctrl+C)
agent-browser clipboard paste                     # Paste from clipboard (Ctrl+V)
```

### Mouse Control

```bash
agent-browser mouse move <x> <y>      # Move mouse instantly
agent-browser mouse move 600 400 --duration 250 --steps 24 # Smooth movement
agent-browser mouse move 600 400 --human --seed 42 # Reproducible curved movement
agent-browser mouse down [button]     # Press button (left/right/middle)
agent-browser mouse up [button]       # Release button
agent-browser mouse wheel <dy> [dx]   # Scroll wheel
```

Add `--human` to `click` or `drag` for curved, eased movement from the current cursor position. For timed mouse moves, `--duration` is the target total duration, including browser response time; a slow browser can still extend it.

### Browser Settings

```bash
agent-browser set viewport <w> <h> [scale]  # Set viewport size (scale for retina, e.g. 2)
agent-browser set device <name>       # Emulate device ("iPhone 14")
agent-browser set geo <lat> <lng>     # Set geolocation
agent-browser set offline [on|off]    # Toggle offline mode
agent-browser set headers <json>      # Extra HTTP headers
agent-browser set credentials <u> <p> # HTTP basic auth for current and future tabs
agent-browser set media [dark|light]  # Emulate color scheme
```

`set credentials` applies HTTP Basic Authentication to the current tab and tabs opened later. `set offline off` and `set headers '{}'` restore the default setup for future tabs.

### Cookies & Storage

```bash
agent-browser cookies                 # Get all cookies
agent-browser cookies set <name> <val> # Set cookie
agent-browser cookies set --curl <file> # Import cookies from a Copy-as-cURL dump,
                                        # JSON array, or bare Cookie header (auto-detected)
agent-browser cookies clear           # Clear cookies

agent-browser storage local           # Get all localStorage
agent-browser storage local <key>     # Get specific key
agent-browser storage local set <k> <v>  # Set value
agent-browser storage local clear     # Clear all

agent-browser storage session         # Same for sessionStorage
```

### Network

```bash
agent-browser network route <url>              # Intercept requests
agent-browser network route <url> --abort      # Block requests
agent-browser network route <url> --body <json>  # Mock response
agent-browser network route '*' --abort --resource-type script  # Block scripts only
agent-browser network unroute [url]            # Remove routes
agent-browser network requests                 # View tracked requests
agent-browser network requests --filter api    # Filter requests
agent-browser network requests --type xhr,fetch  # Filter by resource type
agent-browser network requests --method POST   # Filter by HTTP method
agent-browser network requests --status 2xx    # Filter by status (200, 2xx, 400-499)
agent-browser network request <requestId>      # View full request/response detail
agent-browser network har start                # Start HAR recording (embeds text response bodies)
agent-browser network har start --content all  # Embed all response bodies (binary as base64)
agent-browser network har start --content none # Metadata only, no bodies
agent-browser network har stop [output.har]    # Stop and save HAR (temp path if omitted)
```

### Tabs & Windows

```bash
agent-browser tab                              # List tabs (shows `tabId` and optional label)
agent-browser tab new [url]                    # New tab (optionally with URL)
agent-browser tab new --label docs [url]       # New tab with a user-assigned label
agent-browser tab <t<N>|label>                 # Switch to a tab by id or label
agent-browser tab close [t<N>|label]           # Close a tab (defaults to active)
agent-browser window new                       # New window
```

Tab ids are stable strings of the form `t1`, `t2`, `t3`. They're never reused within a session, so scripts and agents can keep referring to the same tab even after other tabs are opened or closed. Positional integers like `tab 2` are **not** accepted; the `t` prefix disambiguates handles from indices and mirrors the `@e1` convention used for element refs.

You can also assign a memorable label (`docs`, `app`, `admin`) and use it interchangeably with the id. Labels are never auto-generated and never rewritten on navigation — they're yours to name and keep:

```bash
agent-browser tab new --label docs https://docs.example.com
agent-browser tab docs               # switch to the docs tab
agent-browser snapshot               # populate refs for docs
agent-browser click @e3              # click uses docs's refs
agent-browser tab close docs         # close by label
```

Tabs opened through `tab new` or `click --new-tab` inherit the session's user agent, headers, HTTP credentials, init scripts, routes, and emulation overrides before their first document loads.

`tab list --json` also reports each tab's CDP `targetId`, and target ids are accepted anywhere a tab ref is accepted (`tab <targetId>`, `tab close <targetId>`). Unlike `t<N>` ids, which are per-daemon counters, target ids stay stable across daemon restarts, so they're the right handle for scripts coordinating multiple sessions on one browser.

Switching to a tab discarded by Chrome's Memory Saver reactivates it, since a discarded tab has no renderer to drive. Reactivation reloads the discarded page and resets its unsaved state, and the switch result reports `"revived": true`. A tab whose page is paused by a JavaScript dialog is alive rather than discarded, so the switch leaves it untouched and reports `"dialogBlocked": true`; resolve the dialog with `dialog accept` or `dialog dismiss` before interacting. Closing the active tab onto a discarded successor revives it the same way and reports `"activeTabRevived": true`.

### Frames

```bash
agent-browser frame <sel>             # Switch to iframe
agent-browser frame main              # Back to main frame
```

### Dialogs

```bash
agent-browser dialog accept [text]    # Accept (with optional prompt text)
agent-browser dialog dismiss          # Dismiss
agent-browser dialog status           # Check if a dialog is currently open
```

By default, `alert` and `beforeunload` dialogs are automatically accepted so they never block the agent. `confirm` and `prompt` dialogs still require explicit handling. Use `--no-auto-dialog` (or `AGENT_BROWSER_NO_AUTO_DIALOG=1`) to disable automatic handling.

When a JavaScript dialog is pending, all command responses include a `warning` field with the dialog type and message.

### Diff

```bash
agent-browser diff snapshot                              # Compare current vs last snapshot
agent-browser diff snapshot --baseline before.txt        # Compare current vs saved snapshot file
agent-browser diff snapshot --selector "#main" --compact # Scoped snapshot diff
agent-browser diff screenshot --baseline before.png      # Visual pixel diff against baseline
agent-browser diff screenshot --baseline b.png -o d.png  # Save diff image to custom path
agent-browser diff screenshot --baseline b.png -t 0.2    # Adjust color threshold (0-1)
agent-browser diff url https://v1.com https://v2.com     # Compare two URLs (snapshot diff)
agent-browser diff url https://v1.com https://v2.com --screenshot  # Also visual diff
agent-browser diff url https://v1.com https://v2.com --wait-until load  # Custom wait strategy
agent-browser diff url https://v1.com https://v2.com --selector "#main"  # Scope to element
```

### Debug

```bash
agent-browser trace start             # Start recording trace
agent-browser trace stop [path]       # Stop and save trace
agent-browser profiler start          # Start Chrome DevTools profiling
agent-browser profiler stop [path]    # Stop and save profile (.json)
agent-browser record start ./demo.webm           # Start video recording at 30 fps (.webm or .mp4; needs ffmpeg on PATH)
agent-browser record start ./demo.webm --fps 60  # 60 fps for motion-heavy takes (1-60 allowed)
agent-browser record start ./demo.webm --cursor  # Include an animated pointer
agent-browser record start ./demo.webm --contact-sheet # Save a PNG with distinct changed areas
agent-browser record stop                        # Stop and save the video
agent-browser record restart ./take2.webm        # Stop the current recording, start a new one
agent-browser console                 # View console messages (log, error, warn, info)
agent-browser console --json          # JSON output with raw CDP args for programmatic access
agent-browser console --clear         # Clear console
agent-browser errors                  # View page errors (uncaught JavaScript exceptions)
agent-browser errors --clear          # Clear errors
agent-browser highlight <sel>         # Highlight element
agent-browser inspect                 # Open Chrome DevTools for the active page
agent-browser state save <path>       # Save auth state
agent-browser state load <path>       # Load auth state
agent-browser state list              # List saved state files
agent-browser state show <file>       # Show state summary
agent-browser state rename <old> <new> # Rename state file
agent-browser state clear [name]      # Clear states for session
agent-browser state clear --all       # Clear all saved states
agent-browser state clean --older-than <days>  # Delete old states
```

With recording `--cursor`, the pointer and click ripple render with the page, keeping drags synchronized in every captured frame. The temporary overlay is inert, hidden from accessibility snapshots, and removed when recording stops. Screenshots taken during the recording include it.

### Navigation

```bash
agent-browser back                    # Go back
agent-browser forward                 # Go forward
agent-browser reload                  # Reload page
agent-browser pushstate <url>         # SPA client-side nav; auto-detects window.next.router.push,
                                      # falls back to history.pushState + popstate
```

### Pre-navigation setup

Some flows (SSR debug, auth cookies for protected origins, init scripts) need state set up *before* the first navigation. Use `open` with no URL to launch the browser, then stage cookies / routes / init scripts, then navigate. `batch` sends it all in one CLI call:

```bash
agent-browser batch \
  '["open"]' \
  '["network","route","*","--abort","--resource-type","script"]' \
  '["cookies","set","--curl","cookies.curl","--domain","localhost"]' \
  '["navigate","http://localhost:3000/target"]'
```

Without `batch` the same sequence is three commands that all reuse the same daemon (fast, but not one turn).

### React / Web Vitals

Agent-browser ships with first-class React introspection and universal Web Vitals metrics. The React commands need the React DevTools hook installed at launch; Web Vitals and pushstate are framework-agnostic.

```bash
agent-browser open --enable react-devtools <url>   # Launch with React hook installed
agent-browser react tree                           # Full component tree
agent-browser react inspect <fiberId>              # props, hooks, state, source
agent-browser react renders start                  # Begin fiber render recording
agent-browser react renders stop [--json]          # Stop and print profile (--json for raw data)
agent-browser react suspense [--only-dynamic] [--json]  # Suspense boundaries + classifier
                                                         # --only-dynamic hides the "static" list
agent-browser vitals [url] [--json]                # LCP/CLS/TTFB/FCP/INP + hydration summary
```

Each `react ...` subcommand requires `--enable react-devtools` to have been passed at launch (the React DevTools `installHook.js` is embedded in the binary). Without it the commands error with `React DevTools hook not installed
- relaunch with --enable react-devtools`.

Works on any React app — Next.js, Remix, Vite+React, CRA, TanStack Start, React Native Web, etc. `vitals` and `pushstate` are framework-agnostic. `vitals` prints a summary by default; pass `--json` for the full structured payload.

### Accessibility audits

Run an [axe-core](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core) accessibility audit against the current page or a URL. The axe-core engine is embedded in the binary, so it works offline and under strict CSP. It runs private partial audits across the page's frame tree and merges serialized results without page messaging, so page-provided `window.axe` values remain intact and iframe violations retain their frame selector paths. Accessibility audits require a CDP browser and are not available with Safari or iOS WebDriver sessions.

```bash
agent-browser a11y                                 # Audit the current page
agent-browser a11y https://example.com             # Navigate, then audit
agent-browser a11y --tags wcag2a,wcag2aa           # Only rules with these axe tags
agent-browser a11y --selector "#main"              # Scope the audit to a subtree
agent-browser a11y example.com --json              # Full structured results
```

The default output lists each violation with its impact, rule id, fix guidance URL, and the CSS selectors of failing nodes:

```
url: https://example.com/
axe-core: 4.12.1  violations: 2  incomplete: 0  passes: 24

[critical] image-alt: Images must have alternative text (3 nodes)
  https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt
  - img.hero
  - #logo > img
  - footer img
[serious] color-contrast: Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (1 node)
  https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast
  - .nav a.muted
```

`--json` returns the same data structured for automation (`counts`, `violations`, `incomplete`, each violation's `nodes` with `target`, `html`, and `failureSummary`). Each `target` preserves axe's selector path arrays, including nested arrays for shadow DOM boundaries. Rules that axe could not evaluate automatically are reported under `incomplete` for manual review.

### Init scripts

```bash
agent-browser open --init-script <path>           # Register page init script before first navigation
                                                  # (repeatable; also AGENT_BROWSER_INIT_SCRIPTS env)
agent-browser addinitscript <js>                  # Register at runtime (returns identifier)
agent-browser removeinitscript <identifier>       # Remove from every tab in the session
```

Runtime init-script identifiers are session-wide. `removeinitscript` removes the script from every open tab where it was registered and prevents it from being replayed into tabs opened later.

### Setup

```bash
agent-browser install                 # Download Chrome from Chrome for Testing (Google's official automation channel)
agent-browser install --with-deps     # Also install system deps (Linux)
agent-browser upgrade                 # Upgrade agent-browser to the latest version
agent-browser doctor                  # Diagnose the install and auto-clean stale daemon files
agent-browser doctor --fix            # Also run destructive repairs (reinstall Chrome, purge old state, ...)
agent-browser doctor --offline --quick  # Skip network probes and the live launch test
agent-browser mcp                     # Start an MCP stdio server
```

`doctor` checks your environment, Chrome install, daemon state, config files, encryption key, providers, network reachability, and runs a live headless browser launch test. Stale socket/pid sidecar files are auto-cleaned. Output is also available as `--json` for agents.

### Skills

```bash
agent-browser skills                  # List available skills
agent-browser skills list             # Same as above
agent-browser skills get <name>       # Output a skill's full content
agent-browser skills get <name> --full  # Include references and templates
agent-browser skills get protected-vercel-deployments  # Access protected Vercel deployments
agent-browser skills get --all        # Output every skill
agent-browser skills path [name]      # Print skill directory path
```

Serves bundled skill content that always matches the installed CLI version. AI agents use this to get current instructions rather than relying on cached copies. Set `AGENT_BROWSER_SKILLS_DIR` to override the skills directory path.

### MCP Server

```bash
agent-browser mcp
agent-browser mcp --tools all
agent-browser mcp --tools core,network,react
```

Starts a Model Context Protocol server over stdio. MCP clients launch this command as a subprocess and exchange newline-delimited JSON-RPC on stdin and stdout. The server defaults to MCP protocol 2025-11-25 and accepts older supported client protocol versions during initialization.

The default tools profile is `core`, which keeps MCP context small for everyday browser automation. Use `--tools all` for the full typed CLI parity surface, or combine profiles with commas, such as `--tools core,network,react`.

Profiles:

- `core` — Default. Navigation, snapshots, interaction, waits, reads, screenshots, JavaScript eval, close, tab basics, and profile discovery
- `network` — Network routes, request inspection, HAR, headers, credentials, offline
- `state` — Cookies, storage, auth, saved state, sessions, profiles, skills
- `debug` — Console/errors, tracing, profiling, recording, a11y audit, clipboard, plugins, doctor, dashboard, install, upgrade, chat, diff, batch, confirm/deny
- `tabs` — Back/forward/reload, tabs, windows, frames, dialogs
- `react` — React tree/inspect/renders/suspense, vitals, pushstate
- `mobile` — Viewport/device/geolocation/media, touch, swipe, mouse, keyboard
- `all` — Every MCP tool, including the full typed CLI parity surface

Common tools include:

- `agent_browser_tools_profiles`
- `agent_browser_open`
- `agent_browser_snapshot`
- `agent_browser_click`
- `agent_browser_fill`
- `agent_browser_type`
- `agent_browser_press`
- `agent_browser_wait_for_selector`
- `agent_browser_screenshot`
- `agent_browser_get_url`
- `agent_browser_eval`
- `agent_browser_close`

Each tool has typed fields such as `url`, `selector`, `text`, `key`, `session`, and `allowedDomains`, so MCP clients show meaningful approval prompts instead of raw command arrays. The common `allowedDomains` array maps to `--allowed-domains` and activates the same WebRTC containment and launch-mode restrictions. Each tool also accepts `extraArgs` for advanced CLI flags and exact CLI parity. Tool discovery is paginated and includes read-only/open-world annotations so modern MCP clients can load the large typed surface incrementally.

Example MCP client config:

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "agent-browser": {
      "command": "agent-browser",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}
```

Full parity MCP client config:

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "agent-browser": {
      "command": "agent-browser",
      "args": ["mcp", "--tools", "all"]
    }
  }
}
```

Tool invocations use the same config files and environment variables as the CLI. Use `session` in the tool arguments, or set `AGENT_BROWSER_SESSION`, to isolate browser state.

## Authentication

agent-browser provides multiple ways to persist login sessions so you don't re-authenticate every run.

### Quick summary

| Approach | Best for | Flag / Env |
|----------|----------|------------|
| **Chrome profile reuse** | Reuse your existing Chrome login state (cookies, sessions) with zero setup | `--profile <name>` / `AGENT_BROWSER_PROFILE` |
| **Persistent profile** | Full browser state (cookies, IndexedDB, service workers, cache) across restarts | `--profile <path>` / `AGENT_BROWSER_PROFILE` |
| **Session persistence** | Auto-save/restore cookies + localStorage from a stable session key | `--session <id> --restore` / `AGENT_BROWSER_RESTORE` |
| **Import from your browser** | Grab auth from a Chrome session you already logged into | `--auto-connect` + `state save` |
| **State file** | Load a previously saved state JSON on launch | `--state <path>` / `AGENT_BROWSER_STATE` |
| **Auth vault** | Store credentials locally (encrypted), login by name | `auth save` / `auth login` |

`auth login` filters matching controls by their layout size, computed visibility and opacity, and disabled/readonly state, including custom CSS selectors. If a selected credential field is replaced or redirects focus before entry, the command fails without submitting.

### Stateful auth vault login

By default, `auth login` navigates to the effective credential URL before it locates the form. Use `--no-navigate` after an in-page click, challenge clearance, consent dismissal, or other stateful setup that must survive credential entry:

```bash
agent-browser open https://example.com/
agent-browser click "a[href='/login']"
agent-browser auth login work --no-navigate
```

`--no-navigate` suppresses only that initial navigation. It requires an existing active top-level HTTP(S) page, waits for and fills the same selectors, clicks submit, and allows submission to navigate. The effective credential URL is checked as an origin constraint using scheme, host, and effective port. Paths, queries, and fragments may differ. A command-level `--url` takes precedence over stored or provider metadata, which is useful when a stateful flow reaches a hosted identity provider:

```bash
agent-browser open https://identity.example.com/start
agent-browser click "button.continue"
agent-browser auth login work --credential-provider vault --item "Work" --no-navigate --url https://identity.example.com/login
```

Provider credentials are still resolved directly by the daemon and remain out of process arguments and normal output.

| Auth login option | Description |
|-------------------|-------------|
| `--no-navigate` | Use the active top-level page without the initial navigation and require its origin to match the effective credential URL. Form submission may still navigate. |

### Import auth from your browser

If you are already logged in to a site in Chrome, you can grab that auth state and reuse it:

```bash
# 1. Launch Chrome with remote debugging enabled
#    macOS:
"/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome" --remote-debugging-port=9222
#    Or use --auto-connect to discover an already-running Chrome

# 2. Connect and save the authenticated state
agent-browser --auto-connect state save ./my-auth.json

# 3. Use the saved auth in future sessions
agent-browser --state ./my-auth.json open https://app.example.com/dashboard

# 4. Or use --restore for automatic persistence
SESSION="$(agent-browser session id --scope worktree --prefix myapp)"
agent-browser --session "$SESSION" --restore --state ./my-auth.json open https://app.example.com/dashboard
# From now on, --session "$SESSION" --restore auto-saves/restores this state
```

> **Security notes:**
> - `--remote-debugging-port` exposes full browser control on localhost. Any local process can connect. Only use on trusted machines and close Chrome when done.
> - State files contain session tokens in plaintext. Add them to `.gitignore` and delete when no longer needed. For encryption at rest, set `AGENT_BROWSER_ENCRYPTION_KEY` (see [State Encryption](#state-encryption)).

For full details on login flows, OAuth, 2FA, cookie-based auth, and the auth vault, see the [Authentication](docs/src/app/sessions/page.mdx) docs.

## Sessions

Run multiple isolated browser instances:

```bash
# Different sessions
agent-browser --session agent1 open site-a.com
agent-browser --session agent2 open site-b.com

# Or via environment variable
AGENT_BROWSER_SESSION=agent1 agent-browser click "#btn"

# List active sessions
agent-browser session list
# Output:
# Active sessions:
# -> default
#    agent1

# Show current session
agent-browser session

# Generate a stable worktree-scoped session id
agent-browser session id --scope worktree --prefix next-dev-loop

# Inspect daemon, launch, and restore status
agent-browser session info --json
```

Each session has its own:

- Browser instance
- Cookies and storage
- Navigation history
- Authentication state

### Tab pinning

When several sessions share one Chrome over `--cdp`, each session remembers which tab it is bound to (by CDP target id, persisted across daemon restarts). A restarted daemon reattaches to the session's own tab instead of adopting whatever tab happens to be active, which is usually another session's.

By default, if the bound tab is closed the session falls back to a neighboring tab (legacy behavior). Pass `--pin-tab` (or set `AGENT_BROWSER_PIN_TAB=1`) to make the binding strict:

```bash
# Two agents sharing one Chrome, each pinned to its own tab
agent-browser --session agent1 --cdp 9222 --pin-tab open site-a.com
agent-browser --session agent2 --cdp 9222 --pin-tab open site-b.com
```

With `--pin-tab`:

- Attaching with no binding opens a fresh tab instead of adopting an existing one
- If the bound tab is closed, commands fail with a `tab_gone` error (exit code 1) instead of silently acting on another tab. JSON responses carry `"code": "tab_gone"` and recovery metadata in `data.targetId` plus optional `data.lastUrl`
- `tab list`, `tab new`, and `tab <ref>` still work in that state, so an agent can recover by binding a new tab
- Tabs opened by other sessions or the user never steal the pinned session's active tab

The flag is sticky per session: pass it once and later commands and daemon restarts keep the strict semantics. Pass `--no-pin-tab` to explicitly turn the pin off again.

`data.lastUrl` is emitted only for sanitized HTTP(S) URLs and `about:blank`. HTTP(S) credentials, query strings, and fragments are removed, and opaque URLs such as `data:` are omitted. Batch output exposes the same object as `result`.

When re-running a shared-tab script such as the repro from #1530, add `--pin-tab` to the first command for every session. Without it, `open` intentionally preserves the legacy behavior and navigates the shared active tab, so the original script still collides. The same rule applies when sessions attach with `--auto-connect` instead of `--cdp`.

## Chrome Profile Reuse

The fastest way to use your existing login state: pass a Chrome profile name to `--profile`:

```bash
# List available Chrome profiles
agent-browser profiles

# Reuse your default Chrome profile's login state
agent-browser --profile Default open https://gmail.com

# Use a named profile (by display name or directory name)
agent-browser --profile "Work" open https://app.example.com

# Or via environment variable
AGENT_BROWSER_PROFILE=Default agent-browser open https://gmail.com
```

This copies your Chrome profile to a temp directory (read-only snapshot, no changes to your original profile), so the browser launches with your existing cookies and sessions.

> **Note:** On Windows, close Chrome before using `--profile <name>` if Chrome is running, as some profile files may be locked.

## Persistent Profiles

For a persistent custom profile directory that stores state across browser restarts, pass a path to `--profile`:

```bash
# Use a persistent profile directory
agent-browser --profile ~/.myapp-profile open myapp.com

# Login once, then reuse the authenticated session
agent-browser --profile ~/.myapp-profile open myapp.com/dashboard

# Or via environment variable
AGENT_BROWSER_PROFILE=~/.myapp-profile agent-browser open myapp.com
```

The profile directory stores:

- Cookies and localStorage
- IndexedDB data
- Service workers
- Browser cache
- Login sessions

**Tip**: Use different profile paths for different projects to keep their browser state isolated.

## Session Persistence

Use `--restore` with a stable `--session` to automatically save and restore cookies and localStorage across browser restarts:

```bash
# Generate a stable id for this worktree and auto-save/load state
SESSION="$(agent-browser session id --scope worktree --prefix twitter)"
agent-browser --session "$SESSION" --restore open twitter.com

# Login once, then state persists automatically
# State files stored in ~/.agent-browser/sessions/

# Optional: validate restored state before auto-saving again
agent-browser --session "$SESSION" --restore --restore-check-text Dashboard open twitter.com
```

State is saved when the browser closes (explicit `close`, idle timeout, or daemon shutdown) and also periodically while the browser is open, so a browser window you close by hand still leaves a recent save behind. Periodic autosave waits for commands to settle, then saves at most once per `AGENT_BROWSER_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL_MS` (default 30000; set to `0` to save only on close). Idle sessions keep saving on the same interval, so changes the page makes on its own (token refreshes, background requests) are captured too. It respects the `--restore-save` policy.

### State Encryption

Encrypt saved session data at rest with AES-256-GCM:

```bash
# Generate key: openssl rand -hex 32
export AGENT_BROWSER_ENCRYPTION_KEY=<64-char-hex-key>

# State files are now encrypted automatically
agent-browser --session secure --restore open example.com
```

| Variable                          | Description                                        |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_RESTORE`           | Auto-save/load state persistence name              |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_RESTORE_SAVE`      | Restore save policy: `auto`, `always`, or `never`  |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL_MS` | Min ms between periodic autosaves (default: 30000, 0 disables) |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_NAMESPACE`         | Namespace for daemon sockets and restore state     |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_SESSION_NAME`      | Legacy auto-save/load state persistence name       |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_ENCRYPTION_KEY`    | 64-char hex key for AES-256-GCM encryption         |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_STATE_EXPIRE_DAYS` | Auto-delete states older than N days (default: 30) |

## Security

agent-browser includes security features for safe AI agent deployments. All features are opt-in, and existing workflows are unaffected until you explicitly enable a feature:

- **Authentication Vault**: Store credentials locally (always encrypted), reference by name. The LLM never sees passwords. `auth login` navigates with `load` and then waits for login form selectors to appear (SPA-friendly, timeout follows the default action timeout). Use `auth login <name> --no-navigate` to preserve an already prepared active page after its origin is checked against the credential URL. A key is auto-generated at `~/.agent-browser/.encryption-key` if `AGENT_BROWSER_ENCRYPTION_KEY` is not set: `echo "pass" | agent-browser auth save github --url https://github.com/login --username user --password-stdin` then `agent-browser auth login github`
- **Plugin System**: Extend agent-browser with external executable plugins. Plugins run out-of-process over the `agent-browser.plugin.v1` stdio JSON protocol and declare capabilities such as `credential.read`, `browser.provider`, `launch.mutate`, or `command.run`.
- **Content Boundary Markers**: Wrap page output in delimiters so LLMs can distinguish tool output from untrusted content: `--content-boundaries`
- **Domain Allowlist**: Restrict navigation to trusted domains (wildcards like `*.example.com` also match the bare domain): `--allowed-domains "example.com,*.example.com"`. Sub-resource requests (scripts, images, fetch), WebSocket/EventSource connections, and `sendBeacon` calls to non-allowed domains are blocked. WebRTC peer connections are disabled in supported Chromium sessions while the allowlist is active to prevent STUN, TURN, and DNS traffic from bypassing HTTP interception. Dedicated and shared workers are guarded with a bootstrap wrapper; if a page CSP forbids that wrapper, the worker fails closed rather than running without the allowlist guard. Pre-existing CDP sessions, auto-connect, Chrome profiles, direct-page provider plugins, agent-browser restore or state-file replay, raw Chrome args that select profiles, restore sessions, or open startup pages, iOS, and Safari reject this option because agent-browser cannot install equivalent containment before page scripts run. Include any CDN domains your target pages depend on (e.g., `*.cdn.example.com`).
- **Action Policy**: Gate destructive actions with a static policy file: `--action-policy ./policy.json`
- **Action Confirmation**: Require explicit approval for sensitive action categories: `--confirm-actions eval,download`
- **Output Length Limits**: Prevent context flooding: `--max-output 50000`

| Variable                            | Description                              |
| ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_CONTENT_BOUNDARIES`  | Wrap page output in boundary markers     |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_MAX_OUTPUT`          | Max characters for page output           |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_ALLOWED_DOMAINS`     | Comma-separated allowed domain patterns; requires a fresh controllable browser context without profile/session startup args, restore/state replay, or direct-page provider plugins |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_ACTION_POLICY`       | Path to action policy JSON file          |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIRM_ACTIONS`     | Action categories requiring confirmation |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIRM_INTERACTIVE` | Enable interactive confirmation prompts  |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_PLUGINS`             | JSON plugin registry override            |

See [Security documentation](https://agent-browser.dev/security) for details.

### Plugin System

Plugins let third-party tools integrate without becoming built-in agent-browser dependencies. Add a plugin from npm or GitHub:

```bash
agent-browser plugin add agent-browser-plugin-captcha
agent-browser plugin add @company/agent-browser-plugin-vault --name vault
agent-browser plugin add org/agent-browser-plugin-cloud-browser
```

References are resolved by shape: `name` uses npm, `@scope/name` uses npm, and `owner/repo` uses GitHub. `plugin add` writes `./agent-browser.json` by default; use `--global` for `~/.agent-browser/config.json`.

Plugin packages should support `plugin.manifest` so `plugin add` can discover their name and capabilities automatically. If a plugin does not support manifests, pass `--capability <name>` during add.

Plugins can also be configured manually in `agent-browser.json`:

```json
{
  "plugins": [
    {
      "name": "vault",
      "command": "agent-browser-plugin-vault",
      "capabilities": ["credential.read"]
    },
    {
      "name": "cloud-browser",
      "command": "agent-browser-plugin-cloud-browser",
      "capabilities": ["browser.provider"]
    },
    {
      "name": "stealth",
      "command": "agent-browser-plugin-stealth",
      "capabilities": ["launch.mutate"]
    },
    {
      "name": "captcha",
      "command": "agent-browser-plugin-captcha",
      "capabilities": ["command.run", "captcha.solve"]
    }
  ]
}
```

Inspect configured plugins:

```bash
agent-browser plugin list
agent-browser plugin show vault
```

Use a credential provider plugin for one login:

```bash
agent-browser auth login my-app --credential-provider vault --item "My App"
agent-browser auth login my-app --credential-provider vault --item "My App" --url https://app.example.com/login --username-selector "#email" --password-selector "#password" --submit-selector "button[type=submit]"
agent-browser auth login my-app --credential-provider vault --item "My App" --no-navigate --url https://identity.example.com/login
```

Use a browser provider plugin:

```bash
agent-browser --provider cloud-browser open https://example.com
```

Use a launch mutator plugin for stealth or local launch customization. The plugin can append Chrome args, extensions, and init scripts before the browser starts:

```bash
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

Use a generic plugin command for domain-specific tools such as CAPTCHA solvers:

```bash
agent-browser plugin run captcha captcha.solve --payload '{"siteKey":"...","url":"https://example.com"}'
```

The protocol request always includes `protocol`, `type`, `capability`, and `request`. A credential plugin receives `credential.resolve`, a browser provider receives `browser.launch`, a launch mutator receives `launch.mutate`, and generic commands receive the supplied request type. `plugin run` is for `command.run` and custom capabilities; core capabilities and protocol request types use their dedicated command paths. agent-browser keeps browser automation, redaction-sensitive output, and policy enforcement in core.

Gate plugin access by capability action:

```bash
agent-browser --confirm-actions plugin:vault:credential.read auth login my-app --credential-provider vault --item "My App"
agent-browser --confirm-actions plugin:cloud-browser:browser.provider --provider cloud-browser open https://example.com
agent-browser --confirm-actions plugin:stealth:launch.mutate open https://example.com
```

Do not put vault tokens or passwords in plugin command args. Use the vault vendor's own login/session mechanism or environment outside agent-browser config.

## Snapshot Options

Surviving DOM elements keep their refs across snapshots. Take a fresh snapshot after page or iframe navigation.

Use filters to reduce snapshot output:

```bash
agent-browser snapshot                    # Full accessibility tree
agent-browser snapshot -i                 # Interactive elements only (buttons, inputs, links)
agent-browser snapshot -i --urls          # Interactive elements with link URLs
agent-browser snapshot -c                 # Compact (remove empty structural elements)
agent-browser snapshot -d 3               # Limit depth to 3 levels
agent-browser snapshot -s "#main"         # Scope to CSS selector
agent-browser snapshot -i -c -d 5         # Combine options
agent-browser snapshot --delta             # Full state, then bounded incremental updates
agent-browser snapshot --delta --full      # Force full state and refresh the baseline
```

| Option                 | Description                                                             |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-i, --interactive`    | Only show interactive elements (buttons, links, inputs)                 |
| `-u, --urls`           | Include href URLs for link elements                                     |
| `-c, --compact`        | Remove empty structural elements                                        |
| `-d, --depth <n>`      | Limit tree depth                                                        |
| `-s, --selector <sel>` | Scope to CSS selector                                                   |
| `--delta`              | Return full state once, then `unchanged` or a structural JSON delta     |
| `--full`               | Force full state and update the delta baseline                          |

`--delta` returns `full`, `unchanged`, or incremental updates per tab and option set. It falls back to full state after URL changes or when a delta would not save space. See the [delta response format](skill-data/core/references/commands.md#snapshot-page-analysis) for applying updates.

## Annotated Screenshots

The `--annotate` flag overlays numbered labels on interactive elements in the screenshot. Each label `[N]` corresponds to ref `@eN`, so the same refs work for both visual and text-based workflows.

Annotated screenshots are supported on the CDP-backed browser path (Chrome/Lightpanda). The Safari/WebDriver backend does not yet support `--annotate`.

```bash
agent-browser screenshot --annotate
# -> Screenshot saved to /tmp/screenshot-2026-02-17T12-00-00-abc123.png
#    [1] @e1 button "Submit"
#    [2] @e2 link "Home"
#    [3] @e3 textbox "Email"
```

After an annotated screenshot, refs are cached so you can immediately interact with elements:

```bash
agent-browser screenshot --annotate ./page.png
agent-browser click @e2     # Click the "Home" link labeled [2]
```

This is useful for multimodal AI models that can reason about visual layout, unlabeled icon buttons, canvas elements, or visual state that the text accessibility tree cannot capture.

## Options

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `--session <name>` | Use isolated session (or `AGENT_BROWSER_SESSION` env) |
| `--restore [name]` | Auto-save/restore session state. Bare `--restore` uses `--session` as the key |
| `--restore-save <policy>` | Restore save policy: `auto`, `always`, or `never` |
| `--restore-check-url <glob>` | Validate restored state against a URL pattern |
| `--restore-check-text <text>` | Validate restored state against page text |
| `--restore-check-fn <js>` | Validate restored state against a truthy JavaScript expression |
| `--namespace <name>` | Isolate daemon sockets and restore-state directories |
| `--session-name <name>` | Legacy alias for restore persistence key |
| `--profile <name\|path>` | Chrome profile name or persistent directory path (or `AGENT_BROWSER_PROFILE` env) |
| `--state <path>` | Load storage state from JSON file (or `AGENT_BROWSER_STATE` env) |
| `--headers <json>` | Set HTTP headers scoped to the URL's origin |
| `--executable-path <path>` | Custom browser executable (or `AGENT_BROWSER_EXECUTABLE_PATH` env) |
| `--extension <path>` | Load browser extension (repeatable; or `AGENT_BROWSER_EXTENSIONS` env) |
| `--init-script <path>` | Register a page init script before the first navigation (repeatable; or `AGENT_BROWSER_INIT_SCRIPTS` env) |
| `--enable <feature>` | Built-in init scripts: `react-devtools` (repeatable or comma-list; or `AGENT_BROWSER_ENABLE` env) |
| `--args <args>` | Browser launch args, comma or newline separated (or `AGENT_BROWSER_ARGS` env) |
| `--user-agent <ua>` | Custom User-Agent string (or `AGENT_BROWSER_USER_AGENT` env) |
| `--proxy <url>` | Proxy server URL with optional auth (or `AGENT_BROWSER_PROXY` env) |
| `--proxy-bypass <hosts>` | Hosts to bypass proxy (or `AGENT_BROWSER_PROXY_BYPASS` env) |
| `--ignore-https-errors` | Ignore HTTPS certificate errors (useful for self-signed certs) |
| `--ca-cert <path>` | Trust a CA certificate or PEM bundle for the CLI's own HTTPS requests on every platform, and for locally launched Chromium on Linux; later commands in the same running session retain it when omitted (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CA_CERT` env) |
| `--no-ca-cert` | Clear CA trust retained by the running browser session (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CLEAR_CA_CERT`) |
| `--use-system-ca` | Use the operating system trust store for the CLI's own HTTPS requests: `read`, `install`, `upgrade`, `doctor` (or `AGENT_BROWSER_USE_SYSTEM_CA` env) |
| `--allow-file-access` | Allow file:// URLs to access local files (Chromium only) |
| `--hide-scrollbars <bool>` | Hide native scrollbars in headless Chromium screenshots, enabled by default (or `AGENT_BROWSER_HIDE_SCROLLBARS` env) |
| `-p, --provider <name>` | Browser provider, including configured `browser.provider` plugins (or `AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER` env) |
| `--device <name>` | iOS device name, e.g. "iPhone 15 Pro" (or `AGENT_BROWSER_IOS_DEVICE` env) |
| `--json` | JSON output (for agents) |
| `--annotate` | Annotated screenshot with numbered element labels (or `AGENT_BROWSER_ANNOTATE` env) |
| `--if-changed` | Recommended for repeated captures: skip unchanged images to save tokens (history is per tab and scope) |
| `--threshold <0-1>` | Maximum changed-pixel ratio treated as unchanged; implies `--if-changed` |
| `--screenshot-dir <path>` | Default screenshot output directory (or `AGENT_BROWSER_SCREENSHOT_DIR` env) |
| `--screenshot-quality <n>` | JPEG quality 0-100 (or `AGENT_BROWSER_SCREENSHOT_QUALITY` env) |
| `--screenshot-format <fmt>` | Screenshot format: `png`, `jpeg` (or `AGENT_BROWSER_SCREENSHOT_FORMAT` env) |
| `--headed` | Show browser window on the interactive desktop (or `AGENT_BROWSER_HEADED` env) |
| `--webgpu` | Enable WebGPU; SwiftShader software Vulkan on Linux, no GPU required (or `AGENT_BROWSER_WEBGPU` env) |
| `--no-webmcp` | Disable experimental WebMCP support, which is enabled by default for locally launched Chrome (or `AGENT_BROWSER_NO_WEBMCP` env) |
| `--cdp <port\|url>` | Connect via Chrome DevTools Protocol (port or WebSocket URL) |
| `--auto-connect` | Auto-discover and connect to running Chrome (or `AGENT_BROWSER_AUTO_CONNECT` env) |
| `--pin-tab` | Pin the session to its bound tab; fail with `tab_gone` instead of falling back to another tab (or `AGENT_BROWSER_PIN_TAB` env) |
| `--no-pin-tab` | Disable a sticky pin previously enabled with `--pin-tab` |
| `--color-scheme <scheme>` | Color scheme: `dark`, `light`, `no-preference` (or `AGENT_BROWSER_COLOR_SCHEME` env) |
| `--download-path <path>` | Default download directory (or `AGENT_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD_PATH` env) |
| `--content-boundaries` | Wrap page output in boundary markers for LLM safety (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CONTENT_BOUNDARIES` env) |
| `--max-output <chars>` | Truncate page output to N characters (or `AGENT_BROWSER_MAX_OUTPUT` env) |
| `--allowed-domains <list>` | Comma-separated allowed domain patterns; also disables WebRTC peer connections in supported Chromium sessions and rejects CDP, auto-connect, Chrome profiles, restore/state replay, direct-page provider plugins, unsafe startup `--args`, iOS, and Safari (or `AGENT_BROWSER_ALLOWED_DOMAINS` env) |
| `--action-policy <path>` | Path to action policy JSON file (or `AGENT_BROWSER_ACTION_POLICY` env) |
| `--confirm-actions <list>` | Action categories requiring confirmation (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIRM_ACTIONS` env) |
| `--confirm-interactive` | Interactive confirmation prompts; auto-denies if stdin is not a TTY (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIRM_INTERACTIVE` env) |
| `--input-mode <mode>` | Session pointer movement: `instant` (default), `smooth`, or `human` |
| `--idle-timeout <time>` | Shut down the daemon after inactivity (`10s`, `3m`, `1h`, or raw ms). Defaults to `1h`; use `0` to disable (or `AGENT_BROWSER_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS` env) |
| `--engine <name>` | Browser engine: `chrome` (default), `lightpanda`, `obscura` (experimental; rejects proxy bypass rules) (or `AGENT_BROWSER_ENGINE` env) |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_OBSCURA_STEALTH` env | Run the Obscura engine (`--engine obscura`) in stealth mode: consistent fingerprint, tracker blocking |
| `--no-auto-dialog` | Disable automatic dismissal of `alert`/`beforeunload` dialogs (or `AGENT_BROWSER_NO_AUTO_DIALOG` env) |
| `--model <name>` | AI model for chat command (or `AI_GATEWAY_MODEL` env) |
| `-v`, `--verbose` | Show tool commands and their raw output (chat) |
| `-q`, `--quiet` | Show only AI text responses, hide tool calls (chat) |
| `--config <path>` | Use a custom config file (or `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIG` env) |
| `--debug` | Debug output |

## Observability Dashboard

Monitor agent-browser sessions in real time with a local web dashboard showing a live viewport and command activity feed.

```bash
# Start the dashboard server (runs in background on port 4848)
agent-browser dashboard start
agent-browser dashboard start --port 8080   # Custom port

# All sessions are automatically visible in the dashboard
agent-browser open example.com

# Stop the dashboard
agent-browser dashboard stop
```

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `--port <n>` | Dashboard port from 1 to 65535. The default is 4848. |
| `--allowed-origins <origins>` | Comma-separated exact HTTPS origins allowed to access a reverse-proxied dashboard. Every entry must be valid. Without this option, only loopback origins are accepted. |

The dashboard runs as a standalone background process on port 4848, independent of browser sessions. It stays available even when no sessions are running. Local dashboard origins (`localhost`, `127.0.0.1`, and `[::1]`) work without configuration. If you expose it through a reverse proxy or forwarded URL, explicitly allow the browser origin so the server can reject cross-origin requests and DNS-rebinding attacks:

```bash
agent-browser dashboard start --allowed-origins https://dashboard.example.com
# Or: AGENT_BROWSER_DASHBOARD_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://dashboard.example.com agent-browser dashboard start
```

The command prints private access URLs only for the allowed external origins. Open the matching URL once to establish the browser session; it includes an unguessable access token in its fragment. The browser stores it in a Secure, host-bound, same-site cookie for dashboard API and stream requests. Keep these URLs private and configure your reverse proxy to redact cookies from logs. Loopback URLs do not require or receive this token, so open `http://localhost:<port>` directly for local access. The browser stays on the dashboard origin; session-specific tabs, status, and stream traffic are proxied internally, so session ports do not need to be exposed.

Repeated starts with the same settings reuse the running dashboard. To change the port or allowed origins, run `agent-browser dashboard stop` before starting it with the new settings.

Dashboard options are validated strictly. Unknown options, invalid ports, missing values, and malformed allowed origins fail without starting the server.

The dashboard displays:
- **Live viewport**: real-time JPEG frames from the browser
- **Activity feed**: chronological command/result stream with timing and expandable details
- **Console output**: browser console messages (log, warn, error)
- **Session creation**: create new sessions from the UI with local engines (Chrome, Lightpanda) or cloud providers (AgentCore, Browserbase, Browserless, Browser Use, Kernel)
- **AI Chat**: chat with an AI assistant directly in the dashboard (requires Vercel AI Gateway configuration)

### AI Chat

The dashboard includes an optional AI chat panel powered by the Vercel AI Gateway. The same functionality is available directly from the CLI via the `chat` command. Set these environment variables to enable AI chat:

```bash
export AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY=gw_your_key_here
export AI_GATEWAY_MODEL=anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6           # optional, this is the default
export AI_GATEWAY_URL=https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh           # optional, this is the default
```

**CLI usage:**

```bash
agent-browser chat "open google.com and search for cats"     # Single-shot
agent-browser chat                                           # Interactive REPL
agent-browser -q chat "summarize this page"                  # Quiet mode (text only)
agent-browser -v chat "fill in the login form"               # Verbose (show command output)
agent-browser --model openai/gpt-4o chat "take a screenshot" # Override model
```

The `chat` command translates natural language instructions into agent-browser commands, executes them, and streams the AI response. In interactive mode, type `quit` to exit. Use `--json` for structured output suitable for agent consumption.

Chat runs one agent-browser command per tool call. A `;` or `&&` inside a quoted argument is kept as text, so JSON parameters can contain them. Chat can load bundled skills with `skills get <name>` and use page WebMCP tools: it fetches a tool's input schema with `webmcp list <tool> --frame <frame-id> --json`, then calls `webmcp invoke` with the same `--frame`.

**Dashboard usage:**

The Chat tab is always visible in the dashboard. When `AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY` is set, the Rust server proxies requests to the gateway and streams responses back using the Vercel AI SDK's UI Message Stream protocol. Without the key, sending a message shows an error inline.

## Configuration

Create an `agent-browser.json` file to set persistent defaults instead of repeating flags on every command.

**Locations (lowest to highest priority):**

1. `~/.agent-browser/config.json`: user-level defaults
2. `./agent-browser.json`: project-level overrides (in working directory)
3. `AGENT_BROWSER_*` environment variables override config file values
4. CLI flags override everything

**Example `agent-browser.json`:**

```json
{
  "headed": true,
  "proxy": "http://localhost:8080",
  "profile": "./browser-data",
  "userAgent": "my-agent/1.0",
  "hideScrollbars": false,
  "ignoreHttpsErrors": true,
  "plugins": [
    {
      "name": "vault",
      "command": "agent-browser-plugin-vault",
      "capabilities": ["credential.read"]
    }
  ]
}
```

**Example proxy CA configuration:**

```json
{
  "proxy": "http://localhost:8080",
  "caCert": "/etc/ssl/certs/proxy-ca.crt"
}
```

`caCert` remains effective for later commands in the same running session. Use `"clearCaCert": true`, `--no-ca-cert`, or `AGENT_BROWSER_CLEAR_CA_CERT=1` to remove it. Setting, changing, or clearing the CA relaunches Chromium without restarting the daemon. Repeating the same certificate content, including from a different path, reuses the current browser. On Linux, `agent-browser install --with-deps` installs the required `certutil`; otherwise install `libnss3-tools` on Debian/Ubuntu or `nss-tools` on RPM Linux.

`read`, `install`, `upgrade`, and `doctor` make their own HTTPS requests and trust the built-in Mozilla roots by default. On every platform, `--ca-cert` adds the CA to those requests, and `--use-system-ca` switches them to the operating system trust store, which already holds a CA deployed by MDM or an enterprise image. `SSL_CERT_FILE` is used as a fallback CA file and is ignored with a warning when unusable. Neither option disables certificate or hostname verification. For `read`, a selection given on the command line stays in effect for the session until `close`, including across daemon restarts; `--no-ca-cert` or `--use-system-ca false` turns it off. `read` never launches or relaunches a browser because of these options. They do not yet change how agent-browser connects to a remote browser over `--cdp`, `--auto-connect`, or a provider.

Use `--config <path>` or `AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIG` to load a specific config file instead of the defaults:

```bash
agent-browser --config ./ci-config.json open example.com
AGENT_BROWSER_CONFIG=./ci-config.json agent-browser open example.com
```

All options from the table above can be set in the config file using camelCase keys (e.g., `--executable-path` becomes `"executablePath"`, `--proxy-bypass` becomes `"proxyBypass"`). Plugins are configured with the `"plugins"` array shown above. Unknown keys are ignored for forward compatibility.

A [JSON Schema](agent-browser.schema.json) is available for IDE autocomplete and validation. Add a `$schema` key to your config file to enable it:

```json
{
  "$schema": "https://agent-browser.dev/schema.json",
  "headed": true
}
```

Boolean flags accept an optional `true`/`false` value to override config settings. For example, `--headed false` disables `"headed": true` from config. A bare `--headed` is equivalent to `--headed true`.

Auto-discovered config files that are missing are silently ignored. If `--config <path>` points to a missing or invalid file, agent-browser exits with an error. Extensions from user and project configs are merged (concatenated), not replaced.

> **Tip:** If your project-level `agent-browser.json` contains environment-specific values (paths, proxies), consider adding it to `.gitignore`.

## Default Timeout

The default timeout for standard operations (clicks, waits, fills, etc.) is 25 seconds. This is intentionally below the CLI's 30-second IPC read timeout so that the daemon returns a proper error instead of the CLI timing out with EAGAIN.

Override the default timeout via environment variable:

```bash
# Set a longer timeout for slow pages (in milliseconds)
export AGENT_BROWSER_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=45000
```

> **Note:** Setting this above 30000 (30s) may cause EAGAIN errors on slow operations because the CLI's read timeout will expire before the daemon responds. Read-only commands (`snapshot`, `url`, `get text`, ...) are retried automatically. A command that changes the page or launches the browser is not re-sent once the daemon received it, since it may already have run; it fails with code `outcome_unknown` instead.

| Variable                        | Description                              |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` | Default operation timeout in ms (default: 25000) |

## Selectors

### Refs (Recommended for AI)

Refs provide deterministic element selection from snapshots:

```bash
# 1. Get snapshot with refs
agent-browser snapshot
# Output:
# - heading "Example Domain" [ref=e1] [level=1]
# - button "Submit" [ref=e2]
# - textbox "Email" [ref=e3]
# - link "Learn more" [ref=e4]

# 2. Use refs to interact
agent-browser click @e2                   # Click the button
agent-browser fill @e3 "test@example.com" # Fill the textbox
agent-browser get text @e1                # Get heading text
agent-browser hover @e4                   # Hover the link
```

When a ref click is blocked by an overlay, the error includes the covering element, such as `covered by <div#consent-banner>`. Click the banner or dialog control first, then run `snapshot` again before reusing refs.

**Why use refs?**

- **Deterministic**: Ref points to exact element from snapshot
- **Fast**: No DOM re-query needed
- **AI-friendly**: Snapshot + ref workflow is optimal for LLMs

### CSS Selectors

```bash
agent-browser click "#id"
agent-browser click ".class"
agent-browser click "div > button"
```

### Text & XPath

```bash
agent-browser click "text=Submit"
agent-browser click "xpath=//button"
```

### Semantic Locators

```bash
agent-browser find role button click --name "Submit"
agent-browser find label "Email" fill "test@test.com"
```

## Agent Mode

Use `--json` for machine-readable output:

```bash
agent-browser snapshot --json
# Returns: {"success":true,"data":{"snapshot":"...","refs":{"e1":{"role":"heading","name":"Title"},...}}}

agent-browser get text @e1 --json
agent-browser is visible @e2 --json
```

### Optimal AI Workflow

```bash
# 1. Navigate and get snapshot
agent-browser open example.com
agent-browser snapshot -i --json   # AI parses tree and refs

# 2. AI identifies target refs from snapshot
# 3. Execute actions using refs
agent-browser click @e2
agent-browser fill @e3 "input text"

# 4. Get new snapshot if page changed
agent-browser snapshot -i --json
```

### Command Chaining

Commands can be chained with `&&` in a single shell invocation. The browser persists via a background daemon, so chaining is safe and more efficient:

```bash
# Open, wait for load, and snapshot in one call
agent-browser open example.com && agent-browser wait --load domcontentloaded && agent-browser snapshot -i

# Chain multiple interactions
agent-browser fill @e1 "user@example.com" && agent-browser fill @e2 "pass" && agent-browser click @e3

# Navigate and screenshot
agent-browser open example.com && agent-browser wait --load load && agent-browser screenshot page.png
```

Use `&&` when you don't need intermediate output. Run commands separately when you need to parse output first (e.g., snapshot to discover refs before interacting).

## Headed Mode

Show the browser window for debugging:

```bash
agent-browser open example.com --headed
```

This opens a visible browser window instead of running headless.

On Linux hosts with no display (servers, containers), `--headed` still works: when `DISPLAY` is unset and Xvfb is installed, agent-browser starts a private virtual display for the browser and cleans it up on close (opt out with `AGENT_BROWSER_NO_XVFB=1`). Needed for [WebGPU screenshots](#webgpu), and useful for extensions that misbehave headless.

> **Note:** Browser extensions work in both headed and headless mode (Chrome's `--headless=new`).

## WebGPU

Headless Chrome does not expose WebGPU by default, so pages using it (three.js `WebGPURenderer`, Babylon.js, etc.) silently render black. The `--webgpu` flag enables a launch preset that makes WebGPU work, including in GPU-less containers and CI:

```bash
agent-browser --webgpu open https://my-webgpu-app.example.com
agent-browser screenshot app.png
```

On macOS and Windows this uses the hardware Metal/D3D backend. On Linux it routes WebGPU through SwiftShader's software Vulkan (no GPU needed), which requires the system Vulkan loader and Mesa ICD:

```bash
apt-get install -y libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers
```

One upstream caveat: headless Chrome cannot capture WebGPU canvas presentation in screenshots on Windows and Linux (rendering and in-page readbacks work; the capture is black). Screenshots of WebGPU pages work headless on macOS; on Windows run `--headed` in a logged-in desktop session; on Linux just add `--headed` — when no `DISPLAY` is set and Xvfb is installed, agent-browser starts a private virtual display automatically (opt out with `AGENT_BROWSER_NO_XVFB=1`).

Verify the full pipeline (adapter, render pass, and screenshot capture) with:

```bash
agent-browser doctor --webgpu
```

Notes for WebGPU pages:

- WebGPU only exists in secure contexts (`https://`, `http://localhost`, or `file://`).
- three.js `WebGPURenderer` initializes asynchronously and silently falls back to WebGL2 when no adapter is available — wait for the app to render its first frame before taking a screenshot.
- To prefer a real GPU on Linux instead of SwiftShader, override both the Vulkan driver and the adapter with `--args "--use-vulkan=native,--use-webgpu-adapter=default"` (user args win over the preset; `--use-webgpu-adapter` alone still enumerates only SwiftShader).

See the [WebGPU docs page](https://agent-browser.dev/webgpu) for the full platform matrix and container recipe.

## Authenticated Sessions

Use `--headers` to set HTTP headers for a specific origin, enabling authentication without login flows:

```bash
# Headers are scoped to api.example.com only
agent-browser open api.example.com --headers '{"Authorization": "Bearer <token>"}'

# Requests to api.example.com include the auth header
agent-browser snapshot -i --json
agent-browser click @e2

# Navigate to another domain - headers are NOT sent (safe!)
agent-browser open other-site.com
```

This is useful for:

- **Skipping login flows** - Authenticate via headers instead of UI
- **Switching users** - Start new sessions with different auth tokens
- **API testing** - Access protected endpoints directly
- **Security** - Headers are scoped to the origin, not leaked to other domains

To set headers for multiple origins, use `--headers` with each `open` command:

```bash
agent-browser open api.example.com --headers '{"Authorization": "Bearer token1"}'
agent-browser open api.acme.com --headers '{"Authorization": "Bearer token2"}'
```

For global headers (all domains), use `set headers`:

```bash
agent-browser set headers '{"X-Custom-Header": "value"}'
```

## Custom Browser Executable

On Windows, agent-browser launches headless Chrome on a private desktop so hidden browser windows cannot leave visible rectangles on your desktop, including with affected Chrome 150 builds. This also applies to custom executables and windows opened later in the session. Headed browsers, including sessions with extensions, use the interactive desktop. Chrome processes launched by agent-browser belong to a Windows Job Object and are terminated when their daemon exits or is forcibly killed. Browsers connected through `--cdp` or `--auto-connect` remain externally owned.

Use a custom browser executable instead of the bundled Chromium. This is useful for:

- **Serverless deployment**: Use lightweight Chromium builds like `@sparticuz/chromium` (~50MB vs ~684MB)
- **System browsers**: Use an existing Chrome/Chromium installation
- **Custom builds**: Use modified browser builds

### CLI Usage

```bash
# Via flag
agent-browser --executable-path /path/to/chromium open example.com

# Via environment variable
AGENT_BROWSER_EXECUTABLE_PATH=/path/to/chromium agent-browser open example.com
```

### Serverless (Vercel)

Run agent-browser + Chrome in an ephemeral Vercel Sandbox microVM. No external server needed:

```typescript
import { runAgentBrowserCommand, withAgentBrowserSandbox } from "@agent-browser/sandbox/vercel";

const result = await withAgentBrowserSandbox(async (sandbox) => {
  await runAgentBrowserCommand(sandbox, ["open", "https://example.com"]);
  return runAgentBrowserCommand(sandbox, ["screenshot"]);
});
```

Install `@agent-browser/sandbox` and `@vercel/sandbox` in the consuming app. See the [sandbox helper example](examples/sandbox/) for minimal Vercel Sandbox usage, or the [environments example](examples/environments/) for a full UI demo with a deploy-to-Vercel button.

Fresh Vercel and eve sandboxes install Chromium system dependencies by default. Pass `installSystemDependencies: false` only when your sandbox image already includes those libraries.

### eve extension

Give an [eve](https://eve.dev) agent the full browser tool set by mounting the [`@agent-browser/eve`](packages/@agent-browser/eve/) extension:

```typescript
// agent/extensions/browser.ts
import browser from "@agent-browser/eve";

export default browser({});
```

This composes ~20 namespaced tools into the agent — `browser__navigate`, `browser__snapshot`, `browser__click`, `browser__fill`, `browser__find`, `browser__screenshot`, and more — all running agent-browser inside the agent's sandbox. agent-browser installs automatically on first use; pre-install it in `agent/sandbox.ts` with the `@agent-browser/eve/sandbox` helpers to bake the cost into the sandbox template instead. Configuration (domain allowlists, output limits, session naming) and per-tool overrides are covered in the [package README](packages/@agent-browser/eve/README.md), and the [eve example](examples/eve/) is a complete app with the extension mounted.

### Serverless (AWS Lambda)

```typescript
import chromium from '@sparticuz/chromium';
import { execSync } from 'child_process';

export async function handler() {
  const executablePath = await chromium.executablePath();
  const result = execSync(
    `AGENT_BROWSER_EXECUTABLE_PATH=${executablePath} agent-browser open https://example.com && agent-browser snapshot -i --json`,
    { encoding: 'utf-8' }
  );
  return JSON.parse(result);
}
```

## Local Files

Open and interact with local files (PDFs, HTML, etc.) using `file://` URLs:

```bash
# Enable file access (required for JavaScript to access local files)
agent-browser --allow-file-access open file:///path/to/document.pdf
agent-browser --allow-file-access open file:///path/to/page.html

# Take screenshot of a local PDF
agent-browser --allow-file-access open file:///Users/me/report.pdf
agent-browser screenshot report.png
```

The `--allow-file-access` flag adds Chromium flags (`--allow-file-access-from-files`, `--allow-file-access`) that allow `file://` URLs to:

- Load and render local files
- Access other local files via JavaScript (XHR, fetch)
- Load local resources (images, scripts, stylesheets)

**Note:** This flag only works with Chromium. For security, it's disabled by default.

## CDP Mode

Connect to an existing browser via Chrome DevTools Protocol:

```bash
# Start Chrome with: google-chrome --remote-debugging-port=9222

# Connect once, then run commands without --cdp
agent-browser connect 9222
agent-browser snapshot
agent-browser tab
agent-browser close

# Or pass --cdp on each command
agent-browser --cdp 9222 snapshot

# Connect to remote browser via WebSocket URL
agent-browser --cdp "wss://your-browser-service.com/cdp?token=..." snapshot
```

The `--cdp` flag accepts either:

- A port number (e.g., `9222`) for local connections via `http://localhost:{port}`
- A full WebSocket URL (e.g., `wss://...` or `ws://...`) for remote browser services

Root WebSocket endpoints accept query strings with or without an explicit slash, so both `wss://browser-service.com?token=...` and `wss://browser-service.com/?token=...` work.

This enables control of:

- Electron apps
- Chrome/Chromium instances with remote debugging
- WebView2 applications
- Any browser exposing a CDP endpoint

### Auto-Connect

Use `--auto-connect` to automatically discover and connect to a running Chrome instance without specifying a port:

```bash
# Auto-discover running Chrome with remote debugging
agent-browser --auto-connect open example.com
agent-browser --auto-connect snapshot

# Or via environment variable
AGENT_BROWSER_AUTO_CONNECT=1 agent-browser snapshot
```

Auto-connect discovers Chrome by:

1. Reading Chrome's `DevToolsActivePort` file from the default user data directory
2. Falling back to probing common debugging ports (9222, 9229)
3. If HTTP-based discovery (`/json/version`, `/json/list`) fails, falling back to a direct WebSocket connection

This is useful when:

- Chrome 144+ has remote debugging enabled via `chrome://inspect/#remote-debugging` (which uses a dynamic port)
- You want a zero-configuration connection to your existing browser
- You don't want to track which port Chrome is using

## Streaming (Browser Preview)

Stream the browser viewport via WebSocket for live preview or "pair browsing" where a human can watch and interact alongside an AI agent.

### Streaming

Every session automatically starts a WebSocket stream server on an OS-assigned port. Use `stream status` to see the bound port and connection state:

```bash
agent-browser stream status
```

To bind to a specific port, set `AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_PORT`:

```bash
AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_PORT=9223 agent-browser open example.com
```

Frame encoding is daemon-wide:

| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_QUALITY` | `80` | JPEG quality, 0 to 100 |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_MAX_WIDTH` | the viewport | Caps frame width in pixels |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_MAX_HEIGHT` | the viewport | Caps frame height in pixels |

Width and height cap the encoded frame and leave the page size alone, so a portrait or HiDPI viewport keeps its resolution unless you cap it. The live stream requests jpeg. An explicit `screencast_start` reconfigures the same screencast, so a client can see the format change mid-stream. On a busy page at 1280x720, quality 80 costs about 54 KB per frame, quality 20 about 25 KB, and quality 20 at 640x360 about 9 KB.

```bash
# Cheaper frames for a constrained link
AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_QUALITY=20 \
AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_MAX_WIDTH=640 \
AGENT_BROWSER_STREAM_MAX_HEIGHT=360 \
agent-browser open example.com
```

You can also manage streaming at runtime with `stream enable`, `stream disable`, and `stream status`:

```bash
agent-browser stream enable --port 9223   # Re-enable on a specific port
agent-browser stream disable              # Stop streaming for the session
```

The WebSocket server streams the browser viewport and accepts input events.

### WebSocket Protocol

Connect to `ws://localhost:9223` to receive frames and send input:

**Receive frames:**

```json
{
  "type": "frame",
  "seq": 41,
  "data": "<base64-encoded-jpeg>",
  "metadata": {
    "deviceWidth": 1280,
    "deviceHeight": 720,
    "pageScaleFactor": 1,
    "offsetTop": 0,
    "scrollOffsetX": 0,
    "scrollOffsetY": 0,
    "timestamp": 1785038682238
  }
}
```

`seq` is a monotonic frame id, echoed back in an `ack` message under ack pacing. `metadata.timestamp` is the capture time in epoch milliseconds, so a client can tell how old a frame is by the time it draws it.

**Receive URL updates:**

```json
{
  "type": "url",
  "url": "https://example.com/dashboard#activity",
  "timestamp": 1785038682238
}
```

On Chrome, URL messages follow full-document, History API, and fragment navigation in the active tab's main frame. Navigation inside child frames or background tabs does not emit a URL message or replace the active tab's cached URL.

**Send mouse events:**

```json
{
  "type": "input_mouse",
  "eventType": "mousePressed",
  "x": 100,
  "y": 200,
  "button": "left",
  "clickCount": 1
}
```

**Send keyboard events:**

```json
{
  "type": "input_keyboard",
  "eventType": "keyDown",
  "key": "Enter",
  "code": "Enter"
}
```

**Send touch events:**

```json
{
  "type": "input_touch",
  "eventType": "touchStart",
  "touchPoints": [{ "x": 100, "y": 200 }]
}
```

**Cap the frame rate (per client):**

```json
{
  "type": "config",
  "maxFps": 10
}
```

Frames are delivered latest-first: the server picks the newest frame at send time, so frames produced while an earlier one is still being written are skipped rather than queued. `maxFps` (1 to 120, `0` = uncapped) limits delivery for that client only. A client that sends `{"type":"config","pacing":"ack"}` receives one frame at a time and acknowledges it with `{"type":"ack","seq":N}`, so nothing stale reaches the socket even if that client stalls; in the default push pacing, frames already handed to the transport are still delivered in order. Both settings can also be declared on the URL (`ws://127.0.0.1:<port>/?pacing=ack&maxFps=10`), which is the only way to cover the connection's opening frame. Input events are read on a dedicated task per connection, so clicks and keystrokes dispatch immediately even while frames are mid-write to a slow client. They are sent to the browser without waiting for its reply, so a click stays responsive behind a burst of mouse moves, and ordering is preserved.

## Architecture

agent-browser uses a client-daemon architecture:

1. **Rust CLI** - Parses commands, communicates with daemon
2. **Rust Daemon** - Pure Rust daemon using direct CDP, no Node.js required

The daemon starts automatically on first command and persists between commands for fast subsequent operations. After **1 hour** with no commands or dashboard input it saves configured restore state, closes the browser, and exits, so an integration that dies without calling `close` cannot leak the daemon and its browser indefinitely; the next command starts a fresh daemon and configured state restore works as usual. A session without `--restore` or another restore key does not save browser state, so its transient state and open tabs are discarded at shutdown. Set `--idle-timeout` to a duration such as `30s`, `5m`, or `1h`, or set `AGENT_BROWSER_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS` to a value in milliseconds. Use `0` to disable idle shutdown entirely. The default never closes a headed browser, including Safari and iOS WebDriver sessions, or a user-attached browser because those may be in direct human use. Provider-owned cloud browsers remain eligible for cleanup. An explicitly set timeout applies to every browser.

**Browser Engine:** Uses Chrome (from Chrome for Testing) by default. The `--engine` flag selects between `chrome`, `lightpanda`, and `obscura`. Supported browsers: Chromium/Chrome (via CDP), Lightpanda and Obscura (via CDP), and Safari (via WebDriver for iOS).

## Platforms

| Platform    | Binary      |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| macOS ARM64 | Native Rust |
| macOS x64   | Native Rust |
| Linux ARM64 | Native Rust |
| Linux x64   | Native Rust |
| Windows x64 | Native Rust |

## Usage with AI Agents

### Just ask the agent

The simplest approach is to tell your agent to use it:

```
Use agent-browser to test the login flow. Run agent-browser --help to see available commands.
```

The `--help` output is comprehensive and most agents can figure it out from there.

### AI Coding Assistants (recommended)

Add the skill to your AI coding assistant for richer context:

```bash
npx skills add vercel-labs/agent-browser
```

This works with Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot, Goose, OpenCode, and Windsurf. The skill is fetched from the repository, so it stays up to date automatically. Do not copy `SKILL.md` from `node_modules` as it will become stale.

### Claude Code

Install as a Claude Code skill:

```bash
npx skills add vercel-labs/agent-browser
```

This adds a thin discovery stub at `.claude/skills/agent-browser/SKILL.md`. The stub is intentionally minimal — it points Claude Code at `agent-browser skills get core` to load the actual workflow content at runtime. This way the instructions always match the installed CLI version instead of going stale between releases.

### AGENTS.md / CLAUDE.md

For more consistent results, add to your project or global instructions file:

```markdown
## Browser Automation

Use `agent-browser` for web automation. Run `agent-browser --help` for all commands.

Core workflow:

1. `agent-browser open <url>` - Navigate to page
2. `agent-browser snapshot -i` - Get interactive elements with refs (@e1, @e2)
3. `agent-browser click @e1` / `fill @e2 "text"` - Interact using refs
4. Re-snapshot after page changes
```

## Integrations

### iOS Simulator

Control real Mobile Safari in the iOS Simulator for authentic mobile web testing. Requires macOS with Xcode.

**Setup:**

```bash
# Install Appium and XCUITest driver
npm install -g appium
appium driver install xcuitest
```

**Usage:**

```bash
# List available iOS simulators
agent-browser device list

# Launch Safari on a specific device
agent-browser -p ios --device "iPhone 16 Pro" open https://example.com

# Same commands as desktop
agent-browser -p ios snapshot -i
agent-browser -p ios tap @e1
agent-browser -p ios fill @e2 "text"
agent-browser -p ios screenshot mobile.png

# Mobile-specific commands
agent-browser -p ios swipe up
agent-browser -p ios swipe down 500

# Close session
agent-browser -p ios close
```

Or use environment variables:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=ios
export AGENT_BROWSER_IOS_DEVICE="iPhone 16 Pro"
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

| Variable                   | Description                                     |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER`   | Set to `ios` to enable iOS mode                 |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_IOS_DEVICE` | Device name (e.g., "iPhone 16 Pro", "iPad Pro") |
| `AGENT_BROWSER_IOS_UDID`   | Device UDID (alternative to device name)        |

**Supported devices:** All iOS Simulators available in Xcode (iPhones, iPads), plus real iOS devices.

**Note:** The iOS provider boots the simulator, starts Appium, and controls Safari. First launch takes ~30-60 seconds; subsequent commands are fast.

#### Real Device Support

Appium also supports real iOS devices connected via USB. This requires additional one-time setup:

**1. Get your device UDID:**

```bash
xcrun xctrace list devices
# or
system_profiler SPUSBDataType | grep -A 5 "iPhone\|iPad"
```

**2. Sign WebDriverAgent (one-time):**

```bash
# Open the WebDriverAgent Xcode project
cd ~/.appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/node_modules/appium-webdriveragent
open WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj
```

In Xcode:

- Select the `WebDriverAgentRunner` target
- Go to Signing & Capabilities
- Select your Team (requires Apple Developer account, free tier works)
- Let Xcode manage signing automatically

**3. Use with agent-browser:**

```bash
# Connect device via USB, then:
agent-browser -p ios --device "<DEVICE_UDID>" open https://example.com

# Or use the device name if unique
agent-browser -p ios --device "John's iPhone" open https://example.com
```

**Real device notes:**

- First run installs WebDriverAgent to the device (may require Trust prompt)
- Device must be unlocked and connected via USB
- Slightly slower initial connection than simulator
- Tests against real Safari performance and behavior

### Browserless

[Browserless](https://browserless.io) provides cloud browser infrastructure with a Sessions API. Use it when running agent-browser in environments where a local browser isn't available.

To enable Browserless, use the `-p` flag:

```bash
export BROWSERLESS_API_KEY="your-api-token"
agent-browser -p browserless open https://example.com
```

Or use environment variables for CI/scripts:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=browserless
export BROWSERLESS_API_KEY="your-api-token"
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

Optional configuration via environment variables:

| Variable                   | Description                                      | Default                                 |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- |
| `BROWSERLESS_API_URL`      | Base API URL (for custom regions or self-hosted) | `https://production-sfo.browserless.io` |
| `BROWSERLESS_BROWSER_TYPE` | Type of browser to use (chromium or chrome)      | chromium                                |
| `BROWSERLESS_TTL`          | Session TTL in milliseconds                      | `300000`                                |
| `BROWSERLESS_STEALTH`      | Enable stealth mode (`true`/`false`)             | `true`                                  |

When enabled, agent-browser connects to a Browserless cloud session instead of launching a local browser. All commands work identically.

Get your API token from the [Browserless Dashboard](https://browserless.io).

### Browserbase

[Browserbase](https://browserbase.com) provides remote browser infrastructure to make deployment of agentic browsing agents easy. Use it when running the agent-browser CLI in an environment where a local browser isn't feasible.

To enable Browserbase, use the `-p` flag:

```bash
export BROWSERBASE_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser -p browserbase open https://example.com
```

Or use environment variables for CI/scripts:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=browserbase
export BROWSERBASE_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

When enabled, agent-browser connects to a Browserbase session instead of launching a local browser. All commands work identically.

Get your API key from the [Browserbase Dashboard](https://browserbase.com/overview).

### Browser Use

[Browser Use](https://browser-use.com) is an open-source browser automation project for AI agents with [over 100,000 GitHub stars](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use), plus a managed Cloud browser service. Browser Use Cloud is useful when running agent-browser in environments where a local browser isn't available, such as serverless and CI environments.

To enable Browser Use, use the `-p` flag:

```bash
export BROWSER_USE_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser -p browseruse open https://example.com
```

Or use environment variables for CI/scripts:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=browseruse
export BROWSER_USE_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

Optional Browser Use Cloud settings:

| Variable                       | Description                                                |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| `BROWSER_USE_PROFILE_ID`       | Profile UUID for persistent cookies and logins             |
| `BROWSER_USE_PROXY_COUNTRY`    | Managed proxy country, or `none`/`direct` to disable proxy |
| `BROWSER_USE_ENABLE_RECORDING` | Record the Cloud browser session                           |

```bash
export BROWSER_USE_PROFILE_ID="your-profile-uuid"
export BROWSER_USE_PROXY_COUNTRY="de"
export BROWSER_USE_ENABLE_RECORDING="true"
agent-browser -p browseruse open https://example.com
```

When enabled, agent-browser creates a Browser Use Cloud V4 session and connects to its CDP endpoint. Browser Use setup is limited to 18 seconds, with up to 4 more seconds for cleanup if setup times out. Within setup, creation waits up to 10 seconds and CDP attachment up to 8 seconds; each stop request waits up to 4 seconds. Navigation and other page commands keep their existing timeouts. If creation fails before a browser id is returned, the outcome is unknown; inspect the Browser Use Cloud dashboard before retrying, since a browser may still have been created.

The Cloud browser stays active between commands. Run `agent-browser close` when the task finishes. The daemon also attempts cleanup on exit, including its default one-hour idle timeout; a failed stop can leave the Cloud browser running.

`close` succeeds only after Browser Use acknowledges the browser as stopped. On a failed stop, `close` returns an error and keeps the session id, so running `agent-browser close` again retries the same browser, and a new launch is blocked until the pending browser is released.

If the daemon exits before a stop succeeds, inspect the Browser Use Cloud dashboard and stop the browser there.

If a stop keeps returning 404, verify the browser status in Browser Use Cloud. After confirming it has stopped, use a new `--session` name to continue; agent-browser does not treat 404 as proof of a successful stop.

Get your API key from the [Browser Use Cloud Dashboard](https://cloud.browser-use.com/settings?tab=api-keys).

### Kernel

[Kernel](https://www.kernel.sh) provides cloud browser infrastructure for AI agents with features like stealth mode and persistent profiles.

To enable Kernel, use the `-p` flag:

```bash
export KERNEL_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser -p kernel open https://example.com
```

Or use environment variables for CI/scripts:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=kernel
export KERNEL_API_KEY="your-api-key"
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

Optional configuration via environment variables:

| Variable                 | Description                                                                      | Default |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `KERNEL_HEADLESS`        | Run browser in headless mode (`true`/`false`)                                    | `true`  |
| `KERNEL_STEALTH`         | Enable stealth mode to avoid bot detection (`true`/`false`)                      | `false` |
| `KERNEL_TIMEOUT_SECONDS` | Session timeout in seconds                                                       | `300`   |
| `KERNEL_PROFILE_NAME`    | Name of an existing browser profile to load                                      | (none)  |
| `KERNEL_PROFILE_SAVE_CHANGES` | Save session changes back to the profile (`true`/`false`)                   | `false` |

When enabled, agent-browser connects to a Kernel cloud session instead of launching a local browser. All commands work identically.

**Profile Persistence:** `KERNEL_PROFILE_NAME` loads an existing Kernel profile (create it first in Kernel). Set `KERNEL_PROFILE_SAVE_CHANGES=true` to save cookies, logins, and session data back to the profile when the session ends.

Get your API key from the [Kernel Dashboard](https://dashboard.onkernel.com).

### AgentCore

[AWS Bedrock AgentCore](https://aws.amazon.com/bedrock/agentcore/) provides cloud browser sessions with SigV4 authentication.

To enable AgentCore, use the `-p` flag:

```bash
agent-browser -p agentcore open https://example.com
```

Or use environment variables for CI/scripts:

```bash
export AGENT_BROWSER_PROVIDER=agentcore
agent-browser open https://example.com
```

Credentials are automatically resolved from environment variables (`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`) or the AWS CLI (`aws configure export-credentials`), which supports SSO, profiles, and IAM roles.

Optional configuration via environment variables:

| Variable                   | Description                                                          | Default          |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| `AGENTCORE_REGION`         | AWS region for the AgentCore endpoint                                | `us-east-1`      |
| `AGENTCORE_BROWSER_ID`     | Browser identifier                                                   | `aws.browser.v1` |
| `AGENTCORE_PROFILE_ID`     | Browser profile for persistent state (cookies, localStorage)         | (none)           |
| `AGENTCORE_SESSION_TIMEOUT`| Session timeout in seconds                                           | `3600`           |
| `AWS_PROFILE`              | AWS CLI profile for credential resolution                            | `default`        |

**Browser profiles:** When `AGENTCORE_PROFILE_ID` is set, browser state (cookies, localStorage) is persisted across sessions automatically.

When enabled, agent-browser connects to an AgentCore cloud browser session instead of launching a local browser. All commands work identically.

## License

Apache-2.0

## Obscura (experimental)

Use `--engine obscura --executable-path /path/to/obscura` to launch a local Obscura binary. Obscura v0.2.2 has accessibility, iframe, and rendering limitations; use Chrome when fidelity matters. See the [engine documentation](https://agent-browser.dev/engines/obscura) for setup, configuration, and MCP usage, and the [contributor guide](AGENTS.md#obscura-adapter) for source-build testing.

Repository info

Default branch: main
Latest version: v0.39.1
Created: 2026-01-11
Last activity: 2026-10-14
License: Apache-2.0
Open issues: 865
Watchers: 107

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